Michigan Reporting Statute

This information was last updated by Horty, Springer & Mattern on September 17, 2025.

MICHIGAN

REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. §331.531. Data relating to physical or psychological condition and health care; review entity defined; liability

Sec. 1. (1) A person, organization, or entity may provide to a review entity information or data relating to the physical or psychological condition of a person, the necessity, appropriateness, or quality of health care rendered to a person, or the qualifications, competence, or performance of a health care provider.

(2) As used in this section, “review entity” means 1 of the following:

(a) A duly appointed peer review committee of 1 of the following:

(i) The state.

(ii) A state or county association of health care professionals.

(iii) A health facility or agency licensed under article 17 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.20101 to 333.22260.

(iv) A health care association.

(v) A health care network, a health care organization, or a health care delivery system composed of health professionals licensed under article 15 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.16101 to 333.18838, or composed of health facilities licensed under article 17 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.20101 to 333.22260, or both.

(vi) A health plan qualified under the program for medical assistance administered by the department of human services under the social welfare act, 1939 PA 280, MCL 400.1 to 400.119b.

(b) A professional standards review organization qualified under federal or state law.

(c) A foundation or organization acting pursuant to the approval of a state or county association of health care professionals.

(d) A state department or agency whose jurisdiction encompasses the information described in subsection (1).

(e) An organization established by a state association of hospitals or physicians, or both, that collects and verifies the authenticity of documents and other data concerning the qualifications, competence, or performance of licensed health care professionals and that acts as a health facility’s agent pursuant to the health care quality improvement act of 1986, title IV of Public Law 99-660, 42 USC 11101 to 11152.

(f) A professional corporation, limited liability partnership, or partnership consisting of 10 or more allopathic physicians, osteopathic physicians, or podiatric physicians and surgeons licensed under article 15 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.16101 to 333.18838, who regularly practice peer review consistent with the requirements of article 17 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.20101 to 333.22260.

(g) An organization established by a state association of pharmacists, that collects and verifies the authenticity of documents and other data concerning the qualifications, competence, or performance of licensed pharmacists and pharmacies.

(h) A qualified hospital patient safety organization that collects data on serious adverse events under section 4 [M.C.L.A. § 331.534].

(3) A person, organization, or entity is not civilly or criminally liable:

(a) For providing information or data pursuant to subsection (1).

(b) For an act or communication within its scope as a review entity.

(c) For releasing or publishing a record of the proceedings, or of the reports, findings, or conclusions of a review entity, subject to sections 2 and 3 [M.C.L.A. §§ 331.532 and 331.533].

(4) The immunity from liability provided under subsection (3) does not apply to a person, organization, or entity that acts with malice.

(5) An entity described in subsection (2)(a)(v) or (vi) that employs, contracts with, or grants privileges to a health professional licensed or registered under article 15 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.16101 to 333.18838, shall report each of the following to the department of community health not more than 30 days after it occurs:

(a) Disciplinary action taken by the entity against a health professional licensed or registered under article 15 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.16101 to 333.18838, based on the health professional’s professional competence, disciplinary action that results in a change of the health professional’s employment status, or disciplinary action based on conduct that adversely affects the health professional’s clinical privileges for a period of more than 15 days. As used in this subdivision, “adversely affects” means the reduction, restriction, suspension, revocation, denial, or failure to renew the clinical privileges of a health professional by an entity described in subsection (2)(a)(v) or (vi).

(b) Restriction or acceptance of the surrender of the clinical privileges of a health professional under either of the following circumstances:

(i) The health professional is under investigation by the entity.

(ii) There is an agreement in which the entity agrees not to conduct an investigation into the health professional’s alleged professional incompetence or improper professional conduct.

(c) A case in which a health professional resigns or terminates a contract or whose contract is not renewed instead of the entity taking disciplinary action against the health professional.

(6) Upon request by another entity described in subsection (2) seeking a reference for purposes of changing or granting staff privileges, credentials, or employment, an entity described in subsection (2) that employs, contracts with, or grants privileges to health professionals licensed or registered under article 15 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.16101 to 333.18838, shall notify the requesting entity of any disciplinary or other action reportable under subsection (5) that it has taken against a health professional employed by, under contract to, or granted privileges by the entity.

(7) For the purpose of reporting disciplinary actions under subsection (5), an entity described in subsection (2)(a)( v) or (vi) shall include only the following in the information provided:

(a) The name of the health professional against whom disciplinary action has been taken.

(b) A description of the disciplinary action taken.

(d) The date of the incident that is the basis for the disciplinary action.

(8) For the purpose of reporting disciplinary actions under subsection (6), an entity described in subsection (2) shall include in the report only the information described in subsection (7)(a) to (d).

Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. §331.534. Hospital patient safety organization; data regarding serious adverse events, reporting system; public reports

Sec. 4. (1) Beginning January 1, 2009, a qualified hospital patient safety organization shall create a nonpunitive, confidential reporting system to collect data regarding serious adverse events that occur in hospitals for the purpose of improving patient safety and to facilitate the safe delivery of health care in hospitals in this state.

(2) A qualified hospital patient safety organization shall annually develop and distribute a public report for the purpose of improving patient safety and to facilitate the safe delivery of health care in hospitals in this state.

(3) As used in this section:

(a) “Hospital” means that term as defined in section 20106 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.20106.

(b) “Qualified hospital patient safety organization” means a patient safety organization that was incorporated under state law before January 1, 2009 by an organization with a membership of at least 75% of all hospitals in this state and is organized to do the activities of a patient safety organization as described in 42 USC 299b-24.

(c) “Serious adverse event” includes, but is not limited to, those events listed by the national quality forum in its publication entitled “Serious Reportable Events in Healthcare 2006 Update.”

Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. §333.16243. Reports regarding competency and safety of licensee; availability to department and disciplinary subcommittee

Sec. 16243. (1) The department or a disciplinary subcommittee appointed under section 16216 [M.C.L.A. § 333.16216] may request and shall receive the following reports:

(a) Information from a licensed health care facility as to disciplinary action taken by it under section 20175 [M.C.L.A. § 333.20175].

(b) Information from an insurer providing professional liability insurance as to claims or actions for damages against a licensee; settlements in any amount; a final disposition not resulting in payment on behalf of the insured; or a personal injury claimed to have been caused by an error, omission, or negligence in the performance of the insured professional services. An insurer that receives a request under this subdivision shall submit the information requested directly to the department.

(c) Information from a court in this state as to a felony or misdemeanor conviction or a judgment against a licensee or registrant finding the licensee or registrant negligent in an action for malpractice, whether or not the judgment is appealed.

(d) A report by a licensee or registrant under section 16222 [M.C.L.A. § 333.16222].

(e) Information provided by the National Practitioner Data Bank, and reports from the Michigan health care arbitration program.

(f) Reports from any other appropriate source necessary for determination of the competency and safety of the practice of a licensee. Appropriate sources include, but are not limited to, appointed public and private professional review entities and public and private health insurance programs.

(2) Within 10 days after the entry of a judgment against a licensee finding the licensee negligent in an action for malpractice or the approval by a court of a settlement in an action for malpractice, the clerk of the court in which the judgment was entered or the settlement approved shall prepare and immediately forward to the department on a form prescribed by the department a report setting forth the name of the licensee and the amount of damages awarded or the amount of the approved settlement.

Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. §333.16244. Immunity from civil or criminal liability; confidential and privileged information; disclosure; physician-patient privilege

Sec. 16244. (1) A person, including a state or county health professional organization, a committee of the organization, or an employee or officer of the organization furnishing information to, or on behalf of, the organization, acting in good faith who makes a report; assists in originating, investigating, or preparing a report; or assists a board or task force, a disciplinary subcommittee, a hearings examiner, the committee, or the department in carrying out its duties under this article is immune from civil or criminal liability including, but not limited to, liability in a civil action for damages that might otherwise be incurred thereby and is protected under the whistleblowers’ protection act, Act No. 469 of the Public Acts of 1980, being sections 15.361 to 15.369 of the Michigan Compiled Laws. A person making or assisting in making a report, or assisting a board or task force, a hearings examiner, the committee, or the department, is presumed to have acted in good faith. The immunity from civil or criminal liability granted under this subsection extends only to acts done pursuant to this article or section 21513(e) [footnote: So in enrolled bill; should probably reference “section 20175(5) to (7)”, M.C.L.A. § 333.20175].

(2) The physician-patient privilege created in section 2157 of the revised judicature act of 1961, Act No. 236 of the Public Acts of 1961, being section 600.2157 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, does not apply in an investigation or proceeding by a board or task force, a disciplinary subcommittee, a hearings examiner, the committee, or the department acting within the scope of its authorization. Unless expressly waived by the individual to whom the information pertains, the information obtained is confidential and shall not be disclosed except to the extent necessary for the proper functioning of a board or task force, a disciplinary subcommittee, the committee, or the department. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, a person shall not use or disseminate the information except pursuant to a valid court order.

Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. §333.20175. Maintenance and retention of patient records; requirements; destruction and alteration; sanctions; confidentiality and disclosure; reporting and notification requirements; applicability

Sec. 20175. (1) A health facility or agency shall keep and maintain a record for each patient, including a full and complete record of tests and examinations performed, observations made, treatments provided, and in the case of a hospital, the purpose of hospitalization. If a medical service provided to a patient on or after the effective date of the amendatory act that added this sentence [P.A. 2023, No. 62, Eff. Oct. 10, 2023] involves the vaginal or anal penetration of the patient, a health facility or agency shall ensure that the patient’s medical record expressly states that vaginal or anal penetration was performed unless the medical service meets any of the circumstances described in subsection (2)(b)(i)(A), (B), (C), or (D).

(2) Unless a longer retention period is otherwise required under federal or state laws or regulations or by generally accepted standards of medical practice, a health facility or agency shall keep and retain each record required under subsection (1) as follows:

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), for a minimum of 7 years from the date of service to which the record pertains.

(b) For a minimum of 15 years from the date of service to which the record pertains if the service is performed on or after the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subdivision [P.A. 2023, No. 62, Eff. Oct. 10, 2023] and 1 of the following applies:

(i) The record includes a medical service involving the vaginal or anal penetration of a patient. This subparagraph does not apply to a record for any of the following:

(A) A medical service that primarily relates to the patient’s urological, gastrointestinal, reproductive, gynecological, or sexual health.

(B) A medical service that is necessary and associated with or incident to a medical emergency. As used in this sub-subparagraph, the “medical emergency” means a circumstance that, in the good-faith medical judgment of a health professional who is licensed under article 15 [M.C.L.A. § 333.16101 et seq.], creates an immediate threat of serious rick to the life or physical health of the patient.

(D) A medical service performed to measure a patient’s temperature.

(ii) The patient has filed a complaint with the health facility or agency alleging sexual misconduct by an individual who is employed by, under contract to, or granted privileges by the health facility or agency. As used in this subparagraph, “sexual misconduct” means the conduct described in section 90, 136, 145a, 145b, 145c, 520b, 520c, 520d, 520e, or 520g of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750.90, 750.136, 750.145a, 750.145b, 750.145c, 750.520b, 750.520c, 750.520d, 750.520e, or 750.520g, regardless of whether the conduct resulted in criminal conviction.

(3) A health facility or agency shall maintain the records required under subsection (1) in such a manner as to protect their integrity, to ensure their confidentiality and proper use, and to ensure their accessibility and availability to each patient or the patient’s authorized representative as required by law.

(4) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (6), a health facility or agency may destroy a record required under subsection (1) that is less than 7 years old only if both of the following are satisfied:

(a) The health facility or agency sends a written notice to the patient at the last known address of that patient informing the patient that the record is about to be destroyed, offering the patient the opportunity to request a copy of that record, and requesting the patient’s written authorization to destroy the record.

(b) The health facility or agency receives written authorization from the patient or the patient’s authorized representative agreeing to the destruction of the record.

(5) Except as otherwise provided under federal or state laws and regulations, records required to be maintained under subsection (1), other than a record described in subsection (2)(b), may be destroyed or otherwise disposed of after being maintained for 7 years, and records described in subsection (2)(b) may be destroyed or otherwise disposed of after being maintained for 15 years. If records maintained in accordance with this section are subsequently destroyed or otherwise disposed of, those records must be shredded, incinerated, electronically deleted, or otherwise disposed of in a manner that ensures continued confidentiality of the patient’s health care information and any other personal information relating to the patient. If records are not destroyed or otherwise disposed of as provided under this subsection or subsection (4), the department may take action, including, but not limited to, contracting for or making other arrangements to ensure that those records and any other confidential identifying information related to the patient are properly destroyed or disposed of to protect the confidentiality of patient’s health care information and any other personal information relating to the patient. Before the department takes action in accordance with this subsection, the department, if able to identify the health facility or agency responsible for the improper destruction or disposal of the medical records at issue, shall send a written notice to that health facility or agency at the last known address on file with the department and provide the health facility or agency with an opportunity to properly destroy or dispose of those medical records as required under this subsection or subsection (4), unless a delay in the proper destruction or disposal may compromise the patient’s confidentiality. The department may assess the health facility or agency with the costs incurred by the department to enforce this subsection. In addition to the sanctions set forth in section 20165 [M.C.L.A. § 333.20165], a hospital that fails to comply with this subsection or subsection (4) is subject to an administrative fine of $10,000.00.

(6) A health facility or agency shall only destroy a record described in subsection (2)(b) in accordance with subsection (5).

(7) A hospital shall take precautions to ensure that the records required under subsection (1) are not wrongfully altered or destroyed. A hospital that fails to comply with this subsection is subject to an administrative fine of $10,000.00.

(8) Unless otherwise provided by law, the licensing and certification records required by this article are public records.

(9) Departmental officers and employees shall respect the confidentiality of patient clinical records and shall not divulge or disclose the contents of records in a manner that identifies an individual except pursuant to court order or as otherwise authorized by law.

(10) A health facility or agency that employs, contracts with, or grants privileges to a health professional licensed or registered under article 15 shall report the following to the department not more than 30 days after it occurs:

(a) Disciplinary action taken by the health facility or agency against a health professional licensed or registered under article 15 based on the licensee’s or registrant’s professional competence, disciplinary action that results in a change of employment status, or disciplinary action based on conduct that adversely affects the licensee’s or registrant’s clinical privileges for a period of more than 15 days. As used in this subdivision, “adversely affects” means the reduction, restriction, suspension, revocation, denial, or failure to renew the clinical privileges of a licensee or registrant by a health facility or agency.

(b) Restriction or acceptance of the surrender of the clinical privileges of a licensee or registrant under either of the following circumstances:

(i) The licensee or registrant is under investigation by the health facility or agency.

(ii) There is an agreement in which the health facility or agency agrees not to conduct an investigation into the licensee’s or registrant’s alleged professional incompetence or improper professional conduct.

(c) A case in which a health professional resigns or terminates a contract or whose contract is not renewed instead of the health facility or agency taking disciplinary action against the health professional.

(11) Upon request by another health facility or agency seeking a reference for purposes of changing or granting staff privileges, credentials, or employment, a health facility or agency that employs, contracts with, or grants privileges to health professionals licensed or registered under article 15 shall notify the requesting health facility or agency of any disciplinary or other action reportable under subsection (10) that it has taken against a health professional licensed or registered under article 15 and employed by, under contract to, or granted privileges by the health facility or agency.

(12) For the purpose of reporting disciplinary actions under this section, a health facility or agency shall include only the following in the information provided:

(a) The name of the licensee or registrant against whom disciplinary action has been taken.

(b) A description of the disciplinary action taken.

(d) The date of the incident that is the basis for the disciplinary action.

(13) The records, data, and knowledge collected for or by individuals or committees assigned a professional review function in a health facility or agency, or an institution of higher education in this state that has colleges of osteopathic and human medicine, are confidential, must be used only for the purposes provided in this article, are not public records, and are not subject to court subpoena.

(14) This section does not apply to a health facility or agency that is a health maintenance organization.